Journal: Ultramicroscopy

Article Title: RANKING TEM CAMERAS BY THEIR RESPONSE TO ELECTRON SHOT NOISE

doi: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2013.01.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Use of azimuthally averaged Fourier amplitude spectra of empty images to rank the performance of different electronic cameras. Individual Lorentzian functions, which are of the form 11+(ss0)2, are fitted to each Fourier amplitude spectrum. Three parameters – an overall scale factor for each experimental amplitude spectrum, an additive constant, and s0, the spatial frequency at which the function is equal 0.5 – are varied to produce a least-squares best fit between the data and the analytical function. (A) The Fourier amplitude spectrum for the TVIPS TemCam F416 camera, obtained when using 120 keV electrons, is used to illustrate the fitting of a single Lorentzian function to the experimental amplitude spectrum. Corresponding figures for other cameras are shown in the Supplemental material. (B) Comparison of Lorentzian curves fitted to amplitude spectra for two types of scintillator-coupled camera and for a silicon-pixel camera. Solid line: TVIPS TemCam F416 camera, 120 keV electrons; dashed line: Gatan UltraScan 4000 camera, 200 keV electrons; dotted line, Gatan K2 camera, 300 keV electrons.

Article Snippet: For two of these cameras we were also able to make these measurements for two values of the incident electron energy. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 TVIPS F416 4kx4k 15.6 μm pixel Gatan US4000 4kx4k 15.0 μm pixel FEI Eagle 2kx2k 30 μm pixel Gatan K2 4kx4k 5 μm pixel 80 keV - - 0.1 - 120 keV 1.1 1.2 - - 200 keV - 1.7 - - 300 keV - - 1.0 1.1 Open in a separate window Estimated variance of the detector response to single-electron events, derived from the excess noise (at low frequency) in the power spectra of empty images, depending upon the type of detector and the electron energy.

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Ultramicroscopy

Article Title: RANKING TEM CAMERAS BY THEIR RESPONSE TO ELECTRON SHOT NOISE

doi: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2013.01.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Values of the spatial frequency, expressed as a fraction of Nyquist frequency, at which Lorentzian functions – fitted to the Fourier amplitude spectra of “empty” images – fall to 0.5, depending upon the type of detector and the electron energy. The sum of a single Lorentzian function plus a constant y-axis offset was fitted to the Fourier amplitude spectra (see for an example). Please refer to Figure S1 for fitted amplitude spectra for all other examples listed in this table. Values given in parentheses are the reciprocal of the respective values of the spatial frequency, i.e. the distance in number of pixels at which the nearly exponential linespread function falls to e −1 . Recall that Nyquist frequency is 1/(2 pixel).

Article Snippet: For two of these cameras we were also able to make these measurements for two values of the incident electron energy. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 TVIPS F416 4kx4k 15.6 μm pixel Gatan US4000 4kx4k 15.0 μm pixel FEI Eagle 2kx2k 30 μm pixel Gatan K2 4kx4k 5 μm pixel 80 keV - - 0.1 - 120 keV 1.1 1.2 - - 200 keV - 1.7 - - 300 keV - - 1.0 1.1 Open in a separate window Estimated variance of the detector response to single-electron events, derived from the excess noise (at low frequency) in the power spectra of empty images, depending upon the type of detector and the electron energy.

Techniques:

Journal: Ultramicroscopy

Article Title: RANKING TEM CAMERAS BY THEIR RESPONSE TO ELECTRON SHOT NOISE

doi: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2013.01.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Examples of azimuthally averaged power spectra of empty images that have been normalized by N, the total number of electrons in a given image. Only three examples are shown here for simplicity. Corresponding figures for other cameras are shown in the Supplemental material. Red curve: TVIPS F416 camera, 120 keV electrons; green curve: Gatan US4000 camera, 200 keV electrons; blue curve: Gatan K2 camera, 300 keV electrons.

Article Snippet: For two of these cameras we were also able to make these measurements for two values of the incident electron energy. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 TVIPS F416 4kx4k 15.6 μm pixel Gatan US4000 4kx4k 15.0 μm pixel FEI Eagle 2kx2k 30 μm pixel Gatan K2 4kx4k 5 μm pixel 80 keV - - 0.1 - 120 keV 1.1 1.2 - - 200 keV - 1.7 - - 300 keV - - 1.0 1.1 Open in a separate window Estimated variance of the detector response to single-electron events, derived from the excess noise (at low frequency) in the power spectra of empty images, depending upon the type of detector and the electron energy.

Techniques:

Journal: Ultramicroscopy

Article Title: RANKING TEM CAMERAS BY THEIR RESPONSE TO ELECTRON SHOT NOISE

doi: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2013.01.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Estimated variance of the detector response to single-electron events, derived from the excess noise (at low frequency) in the power spectra of empty images, depending upon the type of detector and the electron energy.

Article Snippet: For two of these cameras we were also able to make these measurements for two values of the incident electron energy. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 TVIPS F416 4kx4k 15.6 μm pixel Gatan US4000 4kx4k 15.0 μm pixel FEI Eagle 2kx2k 30 μm pixel Gatan K2 4kx4k 5 μm pixel 80 keV - - 0.1 - 120 keV 1.1 1.2 - - 200 keV - 1.7 - - 300 keV - - 1.0 1.1 Open in a separate window Estimated variance of the detector response to single-electron events, derived from the excess noise (at low frequency) in the power spectra of empty images, depending upon the type of detector and the electron energy.

Techniques: Derivative Assay

Journal: Archives of ophthalmology

Article Title: Evaluation of Visual Acuity Measurements after Autorefraction versus Manual Refraction in Eyes with and without Diabetic Macular Edema

doi: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.377

Figure Lengend Snippet: Autorefractor used (N=964) - N (%)

Article Snippet: Of the Topcon models, the 8000 series autorefractors differed from other autorefractor models included in this study in that they utilize a rotary prism technology that theoretically enables measurements of a wider retinal area through a smaller diameter pupil. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 Canon RK-2 2 (<1%) Canon RK-FI 8 (<1%) Grand Seiko WR-5100K 42 (4%) Humphrey 599 56 (6%) Marco Epic 2100 14 (1%) Marco Nidek ARK700A 44 (5%) Marco Nidek ARK730A 18 (2%) Marco Nidek ARK760A 204 (21%) Nidek AR 800 20 (2%) Nidek AR3000 90 (9%) Nidek ARK-900 12 (1%) Nikon NRK-8000 28 (3%) Nikon Retinomax 2 8 (<1%) Nikon Speedy 1 2 (<1%) Nikon Speedy K 6 (<1%) Topcon KR3000 38 (4%) Topcon KR7000S 2 (<1%) Topcon KR8000 142 (15%) Topcon KR8800 60 (6%) Topcon KR8900 132 (14%) Topcon RM 8000 14 (1%) Topcon RM A7000 22 (2%) Open in a separate window Autorefractor used (N=964) - N (%)

Techniques:

Journal: The Journal of Physiology

Article Title: Large‐conductance Ca 2+ ‐activated K + channel activation by apical P2Y receptor agonists requires hydrocortisone in differentiated airway epithelium

doi: 10.1113/JP274200

Figure Lengend Snippet: A, representative I SC trace of control epithelia pretreated (20 min) with 500 nm GF109203x, a pan‐specific PKC inhibitor (particularly effective against PKCα and β1), then stimulated with 20 μm UTP (n = 6). Addition of 100 μm DIDS then 50 μm CaCCinh‐AO1, each reduced the I SC. B, histogram summarizing the effects of PKC inhibitors GF109203x and Gö6983 on UTP‐stimulated I SC. C, histogram summarizing the effects of 2 h pretreatment with 100 nm PMA on UTP‐stimulated I SC in control and HC0 epithelia. D, qRT‐PCR analysis of PKC isoform mRNAs (n = 6). Statistical significance (*, P < 0.05) represents differences between relative expression of mRNAs in control and HC0 cells determined by Student's t tests. E, Western blot analysis of PKCα (100%, 94.5%, 94.9%, 94.0%), δ (100%, 106.0%, 99.8%, 94.4%) and ε (100%, 99.7%, 105.5%, 107.9%) in day 8 and day 24 control and HC0 epithelia, respectively. Protein abundance is normalized to β‐actin for each sample and expressed as a percentage of control at day 8. F, qRT‐PCR analysis of KCNMA1 mRNA expression in control and HC) epithelia (n = 6 for each condition). KCNMA1wt was previously shown in Fig. 2 A. STREXi and STREXii refer to two distinct PCR products that contain the STREX exon.

Article Snippet: GAPDH expression was used as the reference gene. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 Table 1 caption a7 Gene Taqman ID Exon boundary KCNMA1 Hs04334507_m1 1–2 KCNMB1 Hs00188073_m1 3–4 KCNMB2 Hs00175772_m1 3–4 KCNMB3 Hs00205246_m1 2–3 KCNMB4 Hs00205704_m1 2–3 LRRC26 Hs02385555_g1 1–2 P2RY2 Hs04176264_s1 3–3 P2RY4 Hs00267404_s1 1–1 P2RY6 Hs00366312_m1 2–3 PRKCA Hs00925193_m1 14–15 PRKCB Hs00176998_m1 8–9 PRKCD Hs01090047_m1 17–18 PRKCE Hs00942877_m1 13–14 PRKCZ Hs00177051_m1 8–9 KCNMA1 (STREXi) Hs01119492_m1 21–22 KCNMA1 (STREXii) Hs01119490_m1 20–21 Open in a separate window TaqMan probes used in QRT‐PCR assays Immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis NHBE cells grown on Snapwell polyester membranes were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 min, as previously described (Zaidman et al . 2016 ).

Techniques: Control, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Western Blot, Quantitative Proteomics

Journal: The Journal of Physiology

Article Title: Large‐conductance Ca 2+ ‐activated K + channel activation by apical P2Y receptor agonists requires hydrocortisone in differentiated airway epithelium

doi: 10.1113/JP274200

Figure Lengend Snippet: TaqMan probes used in QRT‐PCR assays

Article Snippet: GAPDH expression was used as the reference gene. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 Table 1 caption a7 Gene Taqman ID Exon boundary KCNMA1 Hs04334507_m1 1–2 KCNMB1 Hs00188073_m1 3–4 KCNMB2 Hs00175772_m1 3–4 KCNMB3 Hs00205246_m1 2–3 KCNMB4 Hs00205704_m1 2–3 LRRC26 Hs02385555_g1 1–2 P2RY2 Hs04176264_s1 3–3 P2RY4 Hs00267404_s1 1–1 P2RY6 Hs00366312_m1 2–3 PRKCA Hs00925193_m1 14–15 PRKCB Hs00176998_m1 8–9 PRKCD Hs01090047_m1 17–18 PRKCE Hs00942877_m1 13–14 PRKCZ Hs00177051_m1 8–9 KCNMA1 (STREXi) Hs01119492_m1 21–22 KCNMA1 (STREXii) Hs01119490_m1 20–21 Open in a separate window TaqMan probes used in QRT‐PCR assays Immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis NHBE cells grown on Snapwell polyester membranes were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 min, as previously described (Zaidman et al . 2016 ).

Techniques:

Journal: The Journal of Physiology

Article Title: Large‐conductance Ca 2+ ‐activated K + channel activation by apical P2Y receptor agonists requires hydrocortisone in differentiated airway epithelium

doi: 10.1113/JP274200

Figure Lengend Snippet: ATP/UTP stimulate Gq‐coupled purinergic receptors expressed on the apical membrane of surface airway epithelial cells leading to increased [Ca2+]i and activation of PKC. PKC‐dependent phosphorylation of BK permits channel activation after stimulation with ATP/UTP, which also activates Ca2+‐activated chloride channels (ANO1/TMEM16A). In control epithelia, HC suppresses transcription of KCNMA1 that contain the STREX exon. In HC0 epithelia, KCNMA1STREX mRNAs are the predominant transcript encoding BKα. The STREX exon makes BKα unresponsive to purinergic receptor activation.

Article Snippet: GAPDH expression was used as the reference gene. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 Table 1 caption a7 Gene Taqman ID Exon boundary KCNMA1 Hs04334507_m1 1–2 KCNMB1 Hs00188073_m1 3–4 KCNMB2 Hs00175772_m1 3–4 KCNMB3 Hs00205246_m1 2–3 KCNMB4 Hs00205704_m1 2–3 LRRC26 Hs02385555_g1 1–2 P2RY2 Hs04176264_s1 3–3 P2RY4 Hs00267404_s1 1–1 P2RY6 Hs00366312_m1 2–3 PRKCA Hs00925193_m1 14–15 PRKCB Hs00176998_m1 8–9 PRKCD Hs01090047_m1 17–18 PRKCE Hs00942877_m1 13–14 PRKCZ Hs00177051_m1 8–9 KCNMA1 (STREXi) Hs01119492_m1 21–22 KCNMA1 (STREXii) Hs01119490_m1 20–21 Open in a separate window TaqMan probes used in QRT‐PCR assays Immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis NHBE cells grown on Snapwell polyester membranes were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 min, as previously described (Zaidman et al . 2016 ).

Techniques: Membrane, Activation Assay, Phospho-proteomics, Control

Journal: Brain structure & function

Article Title: Repeated shock stress facilitates basolateral amygdala synaptic plasticity through decreased cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase type IV (PDE4) expression

doi: 10.1007/s00429-017-1575-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Reference numbers for the Taqman assays used in qPCR experiments

Article Snippet: The relative expression of mRNA was normalized to the geometric mean of the calibrators, using the ΔCt method [ Vandesompele et al, 2002 ; Livak and Schmittgen, 2001 ]. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 Gapdh Rn01775763_g1 B2m Rn00560865_m1 PDE4A Rn00565354_m1 PDE4B Rn00566785_m1 PDE4D Rn00690450_m1 Open in a separate window Reference numbers for the Taqman assays used in qPCR experiments Statistics Behavior data pre-tests were compared using Students un-paired t-test, two-tailed, between the control and USS group prior to group assignment to ensure that baseline startle was not significantly different.

Techniques: